GENÇLERDE MADDE KULLANIMININ ÖNLENMESİNDE SOSYAL NORM YAKLAŞIMI “DAHA ÇOK İÇTİĞİNİ DÜŞÜNÜRSEM, DAHA ÇOK İÇERİM”
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Sosyal normlar yaklaşımı- madde kullanımı- önlemeÖzet
Gençlerde alkol ve madde kullanımına başlama akran etkisinin de önemli rolüyle, özellikle üniversiteye giriş yıllarında artış göstermektedir. Sağlık davranışlarında akranlar ve normatif inançlar önemli rol oynamaktadır. Son yıllarda dikkat çeken sağlığı geliştirme stratejilerinden biri olan sosyal norm yaklaşımı, aşırı alkol ve madde kullanımına kuramsal bir açıklama getirmiş ve uygulamalara kaynaklık etmiştir. Bu kurama göre gözlenen sağlıksız davranışların gerçekte olduğundan daha yaygınmış gibi algılanması, bu davranışların artmasına yol açmakta, bu algının gerçek veriler gösterilerek düzeltilmesi ise bu davranışları azaltmaktadır.
Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal norm yaklaşımı üzerinden yapılan müdahale çalışmalarının etkinliği gösterilmiştir. Sosyal norm kuramı, etiyolojiyi aydınlatmaya katkıda bulunacak önemli bir model sunduğu gibi, gençlerin aktif olarak katılabileceği müdahale yaklaşımları ile önleme konusunda işlevsel bir araç olabilir. Uygun iletişim araçları kullanılarak yapılacak bu tür müdahalelerin desteklenmesi sık ve yüksek miktarda alkol kullanımının önüne geçerek alkol kullanım bozukluğu gelişmesini önleyebilir. Bu nedenle öğrenciler arasında alkol-madde kullanımını önlemeye yönelik yanlış algılanan sosyal normları düzeltmeye yönelik proaktif çalışmalar desteklenmelidir.
Kaynaklar
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