ÖDÜL EKSİKLİĞİ SENDROMU

Musa Şahpolat; Mustafa Arı; Mehmet Hanifi Kokaçya; Ümit Sertan Çöpoğlu

ÖDÜL EKSİKLİĞİ SENDROMU

Yazarlar

Musa Şahpolat Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi
Mustafa Arı Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi
Mehmet Hanifi Kokaçya Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi
Ümit Sertan Çöpoğlu Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ödül eksikliği sendromu- ödül yolağı- bağımlılık

Özet

Ödül eksikliği sendromu (ÖES), beynin ödüllendirme süreçlerinde meydana gelen kimyasal dengesizlikler sonucunda birçok davranışsal bozuklukların ortaya çıktığı bir tablo olarak tanımlanmıştır. Beyindeki ödül sistemi 1950’lerde tesadüfen Olds tarafından keşfedilmiştir. Beyindeki ödül sisteminin temelini limbik sistem oluşturmaktadır. ÖES’nin bazal gangliyonlar, başta NAC olmak üzere mezolimbik beyin bölgeleri, prefrontal korteks, hipotalamus ve amigadala gibi limbik sistemin önemli parçalarını da kapsayan geniş bir beyin alanında meydana gelen çeşitli bozukluklarla ilişkili olduğu artık bilinmektedir. Limbik sistem, temel duyguları ve davranışları kontrol etmekte ve haz algısına temel oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca hafıza ve öğrenme, cinsel davranış, motivasyon ve beslenme gibi önemli davranışları da kontrol etmektedir. Dopamin başta olmak üzere birçok nörotransmitterin ÖES patogenezinde rol aldığı belirtilmektedir. ÖES’nin alkol bağımlılığı, madde kötüye kullanımı, sigara kullanımı, kompulsif aşırı yeme, obezite, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, Tourette bozukluğu, kontrolsüz internet kullanımı ve patolojik kumar oynama gibi bozukluklar ile ilişkisi ve nörobiyolojik ortak yolları da çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Bu makalede,ÖESileilgilibilgilerinveçalışmaların literatür eşliğinde tartışılması amaçlandı.

Kaynaklar

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ÖDÜL EKSİKLİĞİ SENDROMU