Author Guidelines

Dear Author,
Thank you for your interest in submitting your manuscript to Journal of Dependence for editing and publication consideration. In order to facilitate preparation and submission of your manuscript, we have prepared this guideline explaining basic points that should be taken into account when preparing the paper.
Introduction
Journal of Dependence is a scientific publication of the Akademisyen Publishing. It is an open access scientific journal, being published four times a year and internationally peer-reviewed. the Journal aims to publish original contributions in many different scientific disciplines pertaining to all areas of dependence including behavioral dependence. The scientific language of the journal is English.
Subject areas include, but are not restricted to the following fields; studies of the chemistry of substances of abuse, their actions at molecular and cellular sites, in vitro and in vivo investigations of their biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural actions, laboratory-based and clinical research in humans, substance abuse treatment and prevention research, and studies using methods from epidemiology, sociology, and economics.

Publication Frequency
Journal of Dependence publishes four issues per year online. The scientific language of the journal is English.

Audience
Academicians, specialist physicians and research assistants in surgical and non-surgical medical disciplines, psychologists, general practitioners.

Manuscript Preparation

All manuscripts which will be published in the journal must be in accordance with research and publication ethics. All authors should have contributed to the article directly either academically or scientifically. Presentations at congresses or in symposia are accepted only if they were not published in whole in congress or symposium booklets and should be mentioned as a footnote.

Manuscripts are received with the explicit understanding that they have not been published in whole or in part elsewhere, that they are not under simultaneous consideration by any other publication. Direct quotations, tables, or illustrations that have appeared in copyrighted material must be accompanied by written permission for their use from the copyright owner and authors. All articles are subject to review by the editors and referees.

Process of Peer Review

The journal utilizes a standard online site (Journal of Dependence), operated by Akademisyen Publishing, for the process of both manuscript submission and manuscript peer review. Upon receiving a manuscript submitted for consideration of publication to the journal, the journal manager and editorial staff review the submission to assure all required components as outlined in this Guide for Authors are included. The manuscript is then assigned to one of the co-editors (either the editor in chief or an associate editor) who directs and oversees the peer-review process. The co-editor then reviews the submission for relevance, content and quality. Those submissions deemed appropriate for consideration of publication are then assigned to at least two peer reviewers. In order for a manuscript to be considered for publication, it must be original and significant, providing a contribution to research and importance to field. In general, there should be no flaws in the specific procedures used in performance of the study, or in the logic used for the interpretation of the data. It is important that the results of the study support its conclusions, and that there are no errors in reference to prior work (or no exclusions of pertinent references). Where appropriate, confirmation of regulatory review (such as institutional review board approval) must be present. The validity of the statistics used (often including a justification of a sample size) to analyze data is necessary, and the data presented in the figures and tables should be reflective of the results presented and adequate to justify the study conclusions. In general, the manuscript length and quality of the writing are important to ensure its quality.

When the editor has a full complement of reviews completed, the editor reviews the comments and recommendations, and a decision regarding the suitability for publication of the manuscript is made. Acceptance is based on significance, and originality of the material submitted. If the article is accepted for publication, it may be subject to editorial revisions to aid clarity and understanding without changing the data presented.

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

About the scientific language to be used in writing your manuscript

In line with the recommendation of the international directories we applied to increase the scientific effectiveness of our journal and enrich its content, our Editorial Board has decided that the studies to be published in English. So the manuscripts sent to our journal are subject to English language control and revision.

Our experience from previous articles has shown that most of the articles prepared in English need to be improved in terms of fluent readability and intelligibility, as well as scientific and technical examination. Most of the manuscrpits should undergo a comprehensive review and revision process in terms of language, before they were included in the review stage.

Therefore, we recommend that you receive professional English editing and proofreading services before submitting your manuscript to our journal, although it is not mandatory.

You can contact Akademisyen Publishing to receive Editing and Proofreading services for a fee. You can click here to contact Akademisyen Publishing.

Our journal does not have any commercial partnership with any translation or proofreading service company, and our authors are absolutely free to make their choices as they wish.

By uploading the revised English full text of your manuscript to our Journal system by ensuring that English Editing and Proofreading is carried out by a local or foreign professional, you may minimize the possibility of rejection due to translation errors.

Use of first person

In addition, it is necessary to make the necessary checks and revisions in terms of language of your work and to ensure integrity in terms of language and time use throughout the entire article.

Expressions such as ... “Our study, in our study, we, we did, we found, we aimed, I did, I found, I think ... etc.” should be revised as follows;

• In this study, … it was found/determined/… or

• In this study … it was aimed to …

Names made up of single word should not be abbreviated.

Instead of,
• Hypertension (HT) is one of the most …

Throughout the manuscript, you should use;

• Hypertension is one of the most …

Instead of,

• Rituximab (RTX) is an IgG1 kappa chimeric monoclonal

Throughout the manuscript, you should use;

• Rituximab is an …

Numbers should always be used to indicate statistics, age and measurements (including time as in the 3 weeks example). In specifying the others, only the numbers one to nine should be written in letters. (Numbers between 1-10 should be written with letters, except for the date and number of cases)

For example;

• In 2 studies, …

Should be replaced with;

• In two studies …

For example;

• … perivascular lymphotic infiltration in only 10 percent and fibrosis in 7 percent of the patients,

Should be replaced with;

• … perivascular lymphotic infiltration in only 10% of patients … in 7% of patients …

Prejudiced expressions should be avoided in expressions other than classical textbook knowledge, which has been verified by dozens of studies and has become the industry standard in the literature.

• determined to be high

Should be replaced with;

• … was found to be high.

Or throughout the entire manuscript;

• found to be significantly higher …

If diametrically opposite findings are mentioned among the studies mentioned in the Discussion section, it should be stated as “… a significant relationship was found / observed / reported”, rather than “a significant relationship was determined” etc.

• While no significant relationship was determined between blood pressure and disease severity, a strong relationship was determined in some studies.

Should be replaced with;

While no significant relationship was observed between blood pressure and disease severity, it was reported that a strong relationship was found in some studies.

General Principles

The text of articles reporting original research should be divided into Introduction, Methods, Results [Findings], and Discussion sections. This so-called "IMRAD" structure is not an arbitrary publication format but a reflection of the process of scientific discovery. Articles often need subheadings within these sections to further organize their content. Other types of articles, such as meta-analyses, may require different formats, while case reports, narrative reviews, and editorials may have less structured or unstructured formats.

Electronic formats have created opportunities for adding details or sections, layering information, cross-linking, or extracting portions of articles in electronic versions. Supplementary electronic-only material should be submitted and sent for peer review simultaneously with the primary manuscript.

Sections

Abstract

Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses require structured abstracts. The abstract should provide the context or background for the study and should state the study's purpose, basic procedures (selection of study participants, settings, measurements, analytical methods), main findings (giving specific effect sizes and their statistical and clinical significance, if possible), and principal conclusions. It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations, note important limitations, and not overinterpret findings. Please, do not cite figures, tables or references in the abstract.

Because abstracts are the only substantive portion of the article indexed in many electronic databases, and the only portion many readers read, authors need to ensure that they accurately reflect the content of the article. All the articles submitted to the journal require to include abstract in English. Abstract of original articles should not exceed 250 words.

Keywords

Three to six words or determinative groups of words should be written below the abstract. Abbreviations should not be used as keywords. Keywords in English should be chosen from MESH (Medical Subject Headings http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh) index. Abbreviations cannot be used as keywords, but instead they should be written explicitly. Letters that do not exist in Latin alphabet (e.g. alpha, beta, delta etc.) should be used with their pronunciation.

Examples; alcohol dependence, coping strategies, anxiety, sexual abuse, young adults

Introduction

Provide a context or background for the study (that is, the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation. Cite only directly pertinent references, and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.

Methods

The guiding principle of the Methods section should be clarity about how and why a study was done in a particular way. The Methods section should aim to be sufficiently detailed such that others with access to the data would be able to reproduce the results.

The authors should clearly describe the selection of observational or experimental participants (healthy individuals or patients, including controls), autopsied persons, including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population.

In general, the section should include only information that was available at the time the plan or protocol for the study was being written; all information obtained during the study belongs in the Results [Findings] section. If an organization was paid or otherwise contracted to help conduct the research (examples include data collection and management), then this should be detailed in the methods.

The Methods section should include a statement indicating that the research was approved or exempted from the need for review by the responsible review committee (institutional or national). If no formal ethics committee is available, a statement indicating that the research was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki should be included.

Identifying information, including names, initials, or autopsy numbers of the patients/deceased should not be exposed in written descriptions or photographs in no ways. Identifying details should be omitted if they are not essential.

Informed consent should be obtained in human studies and it should be stated in the manuscript.

When reporting experiments on human subjects, authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. When reporting experiments on animals, authors should indicate whether the institutional and national guide for the care and use of laboratory animals was followed.

The authors should describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to judge its appropriateness for the study and to verify the reported results. They should define statistical terms, abbreviations, symbols and should specify the statistical software package(s) and versions used.

Results [Findings]

You should present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. Please, do not repeat all the data in the tables or figures in the text; emphasize or summarize only the most important observations. Provide data on all primary and secondary outcomes identified in the Methods Section. Extra or supplementary materials and technical details can be placed in an appendix where they will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text, or they can be published solely in the electronic version of the journal.

You should give numeric results not only as derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical significance attached to them, if any. You should restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess supporting data. Please, use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as "random" (which implies a randomizing device), "normal," "significant," "correlations," and "sample." Separate reporting of data by demographic variables, such as age and sex, facilitate pooling of data for subgroups across studies and should be routine, unless there are compelling reasons not to stratify reporting, which should be explained.

Discussion

It is useful to begin the discussion by briefly summarizing the main findings and explore possible mechanisms or explanations for these findings. Emphasize the new and important aspects of your study and put your findings in the context of the totality of the relevant evidence. State the limitations of your study and explore the implications of your findings for future research and for clinical practice or policy. Do not repeat in detail data or other information given in other parts of the manuscript, such as in the Introduction or the Results [Findings] section.

Link the conclusions with the goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data. In particular, distinguish between clinical and statistical significance, and avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless the manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority or alluding to work that has not been completed. State new hypotheses when warranted but label them clearly.

Reference Style

Use the author–date citation system to cite references in the text in APA Style. In this system, each work used in a paper has two parts: an in-text citation and a corresponding reference list entry.

APA Style originated in 1929, when a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers convened and sought to establish a simple set of procedures, or style guidelines, that would codify the many components of scientific writing to increase the ease of reading comprehension. They published their guidelines as a seven-page article in Psychological Bulletin describing a “standard of procedure, to which exceptions would doubtless be necessary, but to which reference might be made in cases of doubt” (Bentley et al., 1929, p. 57). Since then, the scope and length of the Publication Manual have grown in response to the needs of researchers, students, and educators across the social and behavioral sciences, health care, natural sciences, humanities, and more; however, the spirit of the original authors’ intentions remains.

APA Style covers the aspects of scholarly writing most pertinent to writing in psychology, nursing, business, communications, engineering, and related fields. It specifically addresses the preparation of draft manuscripts being submitted for publication in a journal and the preparation of student papers being submitted for a course assignment.

Journal of Dependence, uses the APA-7 reference style. Thus, references should follow the standards stated in the APA-7 reference style.

In-text Citations and References

In-text citations may be parenthetical or narrative.

In parenthetical citations, use an ampersand (&) between names for a work with two authors or before the last author when all names must be included to avoid ambiguity.
In narrative citations, always spell out the word “and.”

Authors should provide direct references to original research sources whenever possible. References should not be used by authors, editors, or peer reviewers to promote self-interests. Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space. Fewer references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently.

Laws (e.g., penal code), statutes and regulations are not scientific writings. In addition to being published on the official gazette, since it is published on various internet sites, a reference number should not be given to laws, statutes and regulations. If it is to be cited within the text, the law could be cited by specifying the number of the law, the date and number of publications in the official gazette (e.g., A Review of Article 5 of the Turkish Criminal Penal Code No. 5237). They should not be numbered within the text, or in the reference list.

To minimize citation errors, references can be verified using either an electronic bibliographic source, such as Scribbr, or print copies from original sources.

APA Style uses the author–date citation system, in which a brief in-text citation directs readers to a full reference list entry. The in-text citation appears within the body of the paper (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix) and briefly identifies the cited work by its author and date of publication. This enables readers to locate the corresponding entry in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper.

Each work cited must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

Both paraphrases and quotations require citations.

The following are guidelines to follow when writing in-text citations:

Ensure that the spelling of author names and the publication dates in reference list entries match those in the corresponding in-text citations.
Cite only works that you have read and ideas that you have incorporated into your writing. The works you cite may provide key background information, support or dispute your thesis, or offer critical definitions and data.
Readers may find a long string of citations difficult to understand, especially if they are using assistive technology such as a screen reader; therefore, include only those citations needed to support your immediate point.
Cite primary sources when possible, and cite secondary sources sparingly.
Cite sources to document all facts and figures that you mention that are not common knowledge.
To cite a specific part of a source, provide an author–date citation for the work plus information about the specific part.
Even when sources cannot be retrieved (e.g., because they are personal communications), still credit them in the text (however, avoid using online sources that are no longer recoverable).

Sample for in-text citation:

1. Single author: "Black tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water” (Ruxton, 2016, p. 34).
Reference List: Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162

2. Two authors: ... connection and optimism (Aspy & Proeve, 2017), but others contend ...
Reference List: Aspy, D. J., & Proeve, M. (2017). Mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation: Effects on connectedness to humanity and to the natural world. Psychological Reports, 120(1), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116685867

3. Three or more authors: (Wilmott et al., 2018) noted that ...
Reference List: Wilmott, C., Fraser, E., & Lammes, S. (2018). ‘I am he. I am he. Siri rules': Work and play with the Apple Watch, European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(1), 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417705605

4. Direct quote: “.."Black tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water” (Ruxton, 2016, p. 34).
Reference List: Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162

Introduce the research topic, provide background, state the objectives, and explain the significance of the study. Cite relevant literature using APA 7 style, e.g., (Smith, 2020).

Reference List

List references alphabetically using a hanging indent.

Punctuation in reference list entries

A reference list entry generally has four elements: the author, date, title, and source. Each element answers a question:

author: Who is responsible for this work?
date: When was this work published?
title: What is this work called?
source: Where can I retrieve this work?

Use punctuation marks in reference list entries to group information.

Ensure that a period appears after each reference element—that is, after the author, date, title, and source. However, do not put a period after a DOI or URL because it may interfere with link functionality. And if a title ends with a question mark, the question mark replaces the period.
Use punctuation marks (usually commas or parentheses) between parts of the same reference element. For example, in a reference for a journal article, use a comma between each author’s last name and initials and between different authors’ names, between the journal name and the volume number, and between the journal issue number and the page numbers.
Do not use a comma between the journal volume and issue numbers. Place the issue number in parentheses directly after the volume number instead.
Italicize punctuation marks that appear within an italic reference element (e.g., a comma or colon within a book title). Do not italicize punctuation between reference elements (e.g., the period after an italic book title or the comma after an italic journal title).

The reference list should be ordered in the alphabetical order.

The most reliable method for calculating the impact factor of our journal and number of citations of articles published in our journal or calculating the number of times your own article is cited in a healthy way, is to add DOIs to the references section. In order to give the DOIs to the articles published in Journal of Dependence, the CrossRef membership application has been completed and research articles, case reports, and reviews are being assigned DOIs. For this reason, DOIs need to be added to the References section if available for those references. We hope that the Simple Text Query Form will be helpful in referencing articles published in our journal.

With the help of the Simple Text Query Form web page, which has a link in the full-text template, DOI records need to be added to the sources.

https://apps.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery

Note: Please, do not insert Pubmed ID (PMID) or Pubmed Central ID (PMCID) records to the reference list since they are useless in determining the citation counts.

We place great importance to the addition of DOIs to the references.

Sample for Journal Article without DOI

Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, and locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Sample for Journal Article with DOI

Einfeld, A., & Collins, D. (2008). The relationships between service-learning, social justice, multicultural competence, and civic engagement. Journal of College Student Development, 49(2), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2008.0017

Journal Article:
Smith, J. A., & Brown, M. T. (2020). Substance use patterns among adolescents. Addiction Research & Theory, 28(3), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2020.1714021
Book:
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing: Helping people change (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
Book Chapter:
White, W. (2016). Recovery-oriented systems of care. In K. Thompson (Ed.), Principles of addiction treatment (pp. 85–102). Springer.
Website:
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2023, April 5). Fentanyl drug facts. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl
Report/Guideline:
World Health Organization. (2021). Alcohol consumption and public health. https://www.who.int/publications/alcohol-report-2021

General Notes

• Do not number references.
• For up to 20 authors, list all names.
• For 21 or more authors, list first 19, add an ellipsis (...), then final author.
• Use sentence case for titles (capitalize only the first word and proper nouns).
• Italicize journal titles and volume numbers.

Tables

Tables capture information concisely and display it efficiently; they also provide information at any desired level of detail and precision. Including data in tables rather than text frequently makes it possible to reduce the length of the text.

It would be appropriate to place the tables at the end of the main text. Number tables consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and supply a title for each. Titles in tables should be short but self-explanatory, containing information that allows readers to understand the table's content without having to go back to the text. Be sure that each table is cited in the text. Give each column a short or an abbreviated heading. In the tables, case counts (n) and percentages (%) should be specified in separate columns, not in the same cell.

Authors should place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. Explain all nonstandard abbreviations in footnotes and use symbols to explain information if needed. Symbols may be as alphabet letters or such symbols as *, p t> T §). Please, identify statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean.

Illustrations (Figures)

The lexical meaning of figure constitutes a number symbol (numeral, digit), a written or printed character, a diagram or pictorial illustration of textual matter, arithmetical calculation or digits representing an amount when plural. While definition of picture includes a design or representation made by various means (as painting, drawing, or photography), illustration means a picture or diagram that helps make something clear or attractive. Although these terms bear distinctive meanings, they are too often used interchangeably. Thus, we meant them in the same way without distinction.

Digital images

Requirements for Digital Media

Figures and Figure Legends

Dear author, since the Journal has decision of publishing online, there is no need to upload the photos, pictures, drawings or shapes in the article as a separate file. However, to avoid blurring of images in the pdf of the article, you should add the photos or other images (X-ray, BT, MR etc.) in your Microsoft Word program as follows.

Insert menu - Pictures - Related image file in your computer

You must add the related image file on your computer and set the picture width to 16 cm on Word document. Since the need to upload each image (photo, X-ray, BT, MR or other images) is eliminated, please do not upload it to the system during submission. Place only at the end of blinded manuscript text.

Due to the reasons explained above, images should be taken by a digital camera of 5 megapixels or more in JPEG, RAW, or TIFF format, and should be inserted in their original form as JPEG or TIFF files.

Paper-printed images or documents should be scanned at 300 DPI resolution and should be inserted as TIFF or JPEG files.

Each vector graphic software has its own built-in settings and may have been preset at 72 dpi. So, the document should be created enough big to obtain the image in the desired dimensions. The vector graphics should be exported to a rasterized image format and inserted such as JPEG or TIFF files.

For X-ray films, CT scans, and other diagnostic images, as well as pictures of pathology specimens or photomicrographs, you should insert high-resolution photographic image files. Since blots are used as primary evidence in many scientific articles, we may require deposition of the original photographs of blots on the journal website.

Letters, numbers, and symbols on figures should therefore be clear and consistent throughout, and large enough to remain legible when the figure is reduced for publication.

Figures should be made as self-explanatory as possible. Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends— not on the illustrations themselves.

Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been cited in the text.

In the manuscript, legends for illustrations should be in Arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations. Roman numerals should be avoided. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, you should identify and explain each one clearly in the legend.

Units of Measurement

Measurements of length, height, weight, and volume should be reported in metric units (meter, kilogram, or liter) or their decimal multiples.

Temperatures should be in degrees Celsius. Blood pressures should be in millimeters of mercury, unless other units are specifically required by the journal.

Authors must consult the International System of Units (SI).

Authors should add alternative or non-SI units, when SI units are not available for that particular measurement. Drug concentrations may be reported in either SI or mass units, but the alternative should be provided in parentheses where appropriate.

Abbreviations and Symbols

Use only standard abbreviations; use of nonstandard abbreviations can be confusing to readers. Avoid abbreviations in the title of the manuscript. The spelled-out abbreviation followed by the abbreviation in parenthesis should be used on first mention unless the abbreviation is a standard unit of measurement.

Types of paper

Journal of Dependence publishes the following types of articles.

1. Original Articles: Original prospective or retrospective studies, clinical and experimental research in areas relevant to all areas of dependence including behavioral dependence.
The manuscript should contain English abstract, a maximum of 250 words, and the structured abstract should contain the following sections: objective, methods, results [findings], and conclusion. Three to six words or determinative groups of words should be written as keywords below the abstract.
The text of articles reporting original research might contain up to 5000 words (excluding Abstract, references and Tables) and should be divided into Introduction, Methods, Results [Findings], and Discussion sections. References should also be included so that their number does not exceed 50. This so-called "IMRAD" structure is not an arbitrary publication format but a reflection of the process of scientific discovery. Articles need subheadings within these sections to further organize their content. Care should be taken to ensure that the number of figures or tables does not exceed 5-6 each.
2. Review Articles: The authors may be invited to write or should be expert in that subject of review article.
The manuscript should contain both English abstract, a maximum of 250 words, but a structured abstract is not required. The main text should include titles or related topics to further organize the content. The text of review articles might contain up to 5000 words (excluding Abstract, references and Tables). Number of references should not exceed 90. Care should be taken to ensure that the number of figures or tables does not exceed 5-6 each.
3. Case Reports: Brief descriptions of a previously undocumented disease process, a unique unreported manifestation or treatment of a known disease process, or unique unreported complications of treatment regimens.
The manuscript should contain English abstract, a maximum of 150 words, but a structured abstract is not required. The main text should include titles or related topics to further organize the content. The manuscript could be of up to 2000 words (excluding references and abstract) and could be supported with up to 25 references. Care should be taken to ensure that the number of figures or tables does not exceed 5-6 each.
4. Editorial: Special articles are written by editor or editorial board members. An abstract is not usually included in editorials.
5. Letters to the Editor: These letters contain readers' differing opinions, experiences, or questions about articles or ideas previously published in the journal. These letters should contain concise, definitive observations, not preliminary observations that require a subsequent article to confirm them. Letters to the editor should not exceed 1000 words and contain no more than five references. To send a letter to the editor, please contact the journal editor at dergi.bagimlilik@gmail.com.

Manuscript Files

This journal follows a double-blind reviewing procedure. Authors are therefore requested to submit; a blinded manuscript, and a separate title page file.

You may download title page and blinded manuscript templates by following the links on Journal's homepage.

a) Blinded Manuscript File: This is the blinded manuscript file that will be presented to the reviewers. The main text of the article, beginning from Abstract till References (including tables, figures or diagrams) should be in this file. The file must not contain any mention of the authors' names or initials or the institution at which the study was done, ethical committee or acknowledgements. Manuscripts not in compliance with the Journal's blinding policy might be returned to the corresponding author. Please, use only Microsoft Word Document files. Do not zip the files. The name of the institution or hospital which will reveal the place where the study was conducted should be blinded as "… University" or "… Hospital".
The blinded manuscript file should not include the author information, email address of any authors, ORCID iDs, any disclaimers, sources of support, conflict of interest declaration, ethical committee, contact information of the corresponding author, and acknowledgement. This file will be shared with reviewers.

Article title: The title provides a distilled description of the complete article and should include information that, along with the Abstract, will make electronic retrieval of the article sensitive and specific. Information about the study design could be a part of the title (particularly important for randomized trials and systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Please avoid capitalizing all letters of the title, and capitalize only the capital letter of first word of the title, proper nouns, proper adjectives. Other words and conjunctions (e.g., and, but, both, or, either, neither, nor, besides, however, nevertheless, otherwise, so, therefore, still, yet, though etc.) should be in small letters. No abbreviations or acronyms should be used within the titles.

b) Title Page File: Only descriptive parts of the manuscript should be included in this file. General information about the article and authors is presented on the title page file and it should include the article title in English, author information, email address of each (all) author, ORCID iDs, any disclaimers, sources of support, conflict of interest declaration, ethical committee information, contact information of the corresponding author, acknowledgement and authorship contribution. This file will not be shared with reviewers.

Author information. Each author's highest academic degrees should be listed. The name of the department(s) and institution) or organizations where the work and email addresses should be attributed should be specified.

ORCID iD information of all authors is required by the TR Index.

Corresponding Author. One author should be designated as the corresponding author, and his or her email address should be included on the title page file. This information will be published with the article if accepted. ICMJE encourages the listing of authors' Open Researcher and Contributor Identification (ORCID).

Disclaimers. An example of a disclaimer is an author's statement that the views expressed in the submitted article are his or her own and not an official position of the institution or funder.

Source(s) of support. These include grants, equipment, drugs, and/or other support that facilitated conduct of the work described in the article or the writing of the article itself.

Conflict of Interest declaration. A conflict of interest can occur when you (or your employer or sponsor) have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations, or with the people working with them, that could influence your research.

Some authors claim, the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on medical research has been a major cause for concern. In contrast to this viewpoint, some authors emphasize the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest.

Thus, full disclosure is required when you submit your paper to the Journal. The journal editor will use this information to inform his or her editorial decisions and may publish such disclosures to assist readers in evaluating the article. The editor may decide not to publish your article based on any declared conflict. The conflict of interest should be declared on your title page file or on the manuscript submission form in the journal's online peer-review system.

Sample personal statement for no conflict of interest:

On behalf of all authors, I, as the corresponding author, accept and declare that; we have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Sample personal statement for potential conflict of interest:

On behalf of all authors, I, as the corresponding author, accept and declare that; the authors whose names are listed immediately below report the following details of affiliation or involvement in an organization or entity with a financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

[Please specify name of the author(s) and nature of the conflict]

Acknowledgement

The Acknowledgements section immediately precedes the Reference list. All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an 'Acknowledgements' section. Additionally, if the article has been submitted on behalf of a consortium, all author names and affiliations should be listed at the end of the article in the Acknowledgements section. Authors should also disclose whether they had any writing assistance.

c) Copyright and Ethical Declaration Form: The form to transfer all financial rights, especially processing, reproduction, representation, printing, distribution, and online transmittal, to the Journal with no limitation whatsoever.

d) Authorship Contribution Form: To become an author, an individual must have made a significant contribution to the study by meeting 4 criteria presented in the table below.
1. He/she must make substantial contributions to the conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data.
2. He/she must contribute to the drafting the article or intellectually review or criticize the content of the article
3. It is the responsibility of all authors to approve the final version of the article before it is published.
4. He/she must have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content.
5. Those who do not meet the specified number of contributions and conditions should be mentioned in the final "Acknowledgements" section of the article.
6. The terms stated here are regulated in accordance with the rules of the Scientific Committee Editors (CSE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
For more details, please see:
https://cse.memberclicks.net/authorship-task-force
https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html

Article Format

The submitted file must be in Microsoft Word Document format.

The page size must be 210 mm × 297 mm (A4 size). All margins must be set to 2.5 cm. If you are using Microsoft Word 2007 or later, you can easily set the margin by choosing "Normal" setting from Margins menu within Layout tab. The text layout should consist of single column.

Do not capitalize diseases or syndromes unless they include a name or proper noun. Note that the words "syndrome" and "disease" are never capitalized; for example, Down syndrome, Hodgkin disease.

The authors should turn off automatic hyphenation. Do not use hyphens with common prefixes unless the word looks confusing when closed up or unless the prefix precedes a proper noun, some other capitalized word, or an abbreviation. Common prefixes that should be "closed up" include ante, anti, hi, co, contra, counter, de, extra, infra, inter, intra, micro, mid, neo, non, over, post, pre, pro, pseudo, re, semi, sub, super, supra, trans, tri, ultra, un, and under.

Use italics sparingly for emphasis in the text.

Spell out Greek letters or use the "Insert, Symbol" feature in Microsoft Word. Do not create your own symbols.

Do not use italics for common expressions, such asin vivo, in utero, en face, aide-mémoire, or in situ.

Use bold type sparingly in text because it competes with headings for the reader's attention.

Always use numerals for statistics, ages, and measurements (including time, for example, 3 weeks). For other uses, spell out numbers from one to nine only.

Spell out abbreviations at first mention in the manuscript, with the abbreviation following in parentheses (except for units of measure, which are always abbreviated following numerals).

Manuscripts including tables, references and figure legends, must be typewritten with a Unicode font (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial, etc.) that is available both for Windows and Mac Os operating systems. Please avoid using a mixture of fonts or non-Unicode fonts that do not support accented characters. The recommended font size is 12 points, but it may be adjusted for entries in a table. Authors should use true superscripts and subscripts and not "raised/lowered" characters. For symbols, please use the standard "Symbol" fonts on Windows or Macintosh.

Use the TAB key once for paragraph indents, not consecutive spaces. The pages should be numbered consecutively, beginning with the first page of the blinded article file. The pages should include title and abstract in English, the main text, tables, figures or diagrams-if exists- and reference list.

The title of the article should be centered at the top of the main text page, with the abstract below, and followed by Keywords. The capital letter of the first word of title should start with upper case letter. Please avoid capitalizing all letters of the title and conjunctions. The title, abstract, and keywords should be present in English and must be organized respectively. In order to start the Introduction section in a new page, a page break could be inserted at the end of Keywords.

While figure legends should be placed below the figures themselves, table captions should be placed above each table. Characters in figures, photographs, and tables should be uncapitalized in principal.

It would be appropriate to place the figures, tables and photographs at the end of the main text. Please, insert them at the end of main text at appropriate sizes, and order.

Figures and Figure Legends

Insert menu - Pictures - Related image file in your computer

You must add the related image file on your computer and add the picture width to 16 cm. Since the need to upload each image (photo, X-ray, BT, MR or other images) is eliminated, please do not upload it to the system during submission. Place only at the end of full text and blind text.

The sections (i.e., Introduction, Methods, Case, Results [Findings], Discussion, and Conclusion) and their subheadings should be numbered respectively. Paragraphs might be aligned left or justified, but this situation should be consistent throughout the article. Please, use single return after each paragraph. All headings should be typed on a separate line, not run in with the text. There should be no additional spacing before or after lines. Headings and subheadings should be numbered, and their depth should not exceed three levels. The References section should not be numbered. You should not use the "Endnotes" or "Footnotes" feature for your references and remove any Word specific codes. When 'Magic Citations' inserts citations, or formats your manuscript in Microsoft Word, it uses "fields", which you can typically recognize as boxes that turn grey when the insertion point is placed inside one of them. Here is how to remove the fields in a Microsoft Word document:

1. Make a copy of the final manuscript. From the File menu in Word, select the Save As command. Give the file a new name.

2. In the new file, go to the Edit menu and choose Select All.

3. Press Ctrl+Shift+F9 or Cmd+6 to unlink all fields.

Your in-text citations and bibliography will become regular text, without field codes or any hidden links. If you want to do further editing or change citations in any way, make the changes to the original file. When you are ready to submit your manuscript, make another copy of the original file to unlink field codes.

Author Guidelines

Manuscript Preparation

Process of Peer Review

General Principles

Types of paper

Manuscript Files

Article Format

Language

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