MADDE BAĞIMLILIĞININ PSİKOFARMAKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Madde bağımlılığı- mekanizmalar- psikofarmakolojiÖzet
Madde bağımlılığının psikofarmakolojisinin büyük kısmında dopamin nörotransmisyonun aracılık yaptığı düşünülmektedir. Bununla beraber madde bağımlılığındaki nöro-nal sistemin düzenlenmesinde GABA, serotonin ve nitric reseptörler gibi santral sinir sistemindeki diğer reseptörlerdeki nörotransmisyon rol alabilir. Madde bağımlılığındaki psikofarmakolojik çalışmalar kötüye kullanım ve ödüllendirmenin ortak hücresel ve moleküler mekanizmalara sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Nükleus akkumbens gibi mesokortiko – limbik dopamin yolağının beynin “haz alma merkezi” olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Alkol, opioidler, amfetaminler, sedatif – hipnotikler ve nikotin mesolimbik dopaminerjik sistem üzerinde etkiye sahiptir. Dopamin, serotonin, GABA, norepinefrin sistemleri ile etkileşen psikotropik ilaçlar madde bağımlılığının tedavisi ile ilgili olabilir. Bu sistemler etkili ve yeni ilaçların geliştirilmesinde hedef olarak dikkate alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte nitrik oksit sentetaz inhibitörleri madde bağımlılığı tedavisinde bir rol alabilir. Bu yazıda biz ilgili literatürü gözden geçirdik.
Kaynaklar
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